The development of Nanoscale Advanced Materials Engineering (NAME) through the use of focused ion beams has accelerated significantly in recent years. This has been driven by the development of new tools for this purpose and by the need to engineer the functionality of (nano)materials on nanometre length scales. Within this talk a review of the state-of-the-art will be provided alongside its relationship to capability requirements outlined within international roadmaps. Specific examples of novel research on nanoscale materials, and materials for quantum technologies, will be provided. These include the ability to dope photonic structures and materials (e.g. lithium niobate), create colour centres in diamond, and to perform isotopic enrichment of silicon. Prospects for future research directions will be discussed alongside the major challenges that these present.